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	<title>宇宙的心弦 &#187; 级数</title>
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		<title>3.14 Today Is Pi Day!</title>
		<link>http://www.eaglefantasy.com/archives/418</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2009 08:35:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Eagle Fantasy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Interesting Maths]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[级数]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mimetex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[数学之美]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[又是好久没有写什么东西了 哎 越是在家闲着就越懒 今天是传说中的白色情人节 不过这跟我没什么关系 今天还是Pi Day 那就说说Pi吧 顺便再熟练一下Tex 首先写一些有关的漂亮的表达式。第一个表达式是最常见的一个，也就是这个表达式曾经激起了我无尽的好奇心，引我走上了自学微积分的道路。其证明在这篇文章中有。 下面是两个非常漂亮的连分数表达式： 关于Pi，不得不提欧拉公式：一个简单和谐的公式一下子把数学中5个最基本最重要的数联系了起来（0，1，Pi,e,i）: 关于pi 还有各种各样其妙的公式，其中不乏稀奇古怪的公式（例如神奇的拉马努金发现的一堆公式），说也说不尽。最后发张图，一个比较有名的麦田怪圈，他的含义就是Pi。<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="100%" style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>又是好久没有写什么东西了 哎 越是在家闲着就越懒 今天是传说中的白色情人节 不过这跟我没什么关系 今天还是Pi Day 那就说说Pi吧 顺便再熟练一下Tex</p>
<p>首先写一些有关<span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_4f08e3dba63dc6d40b22952c7a9dac6d.gif' style=' padding-bottom:2px;' class='tex' alt="\pi" /></span>的漂亮的表达式。第一个表达式是最常见的一个，也就是这个表达式曾经激起了我无尽的好奇心，引我走上了自学微积分的道路。其证明在<a href="/archives/78" target="_blank">这篇文章</a>中有。</p>
<p><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_aa781e8fef72801bba248969721c3eeb.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="\frac{\pi}{4}=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{11}+..." /></span></p>
<p><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_9accdec60630625cb2ce3f28877c61dc.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="\frac{\pi^2}{6}=\frac{1}{1^2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \frac{1}{4^2} + \cdots " /></span></p>
<p><span id="more-418"></span><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_4adebc2ca1b29e5c620e8bbd8af0e6df.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="\frac{\pi^4}{90}=\frac{1}{1^4} + \frac{1}{2^4} + \frac{1}{3^4} + \frac{1}{4^4} + \cdots " /></span></p>
<p><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_da9c5788250e0ff94e347f6e0e02cd9f.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="\frac{\pi}{2} = \frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{7} \cdot \frac{8}{7} \cdot \frac{8}{9} \cdot \cdot \cdot" /></span></p>
<p>下面是两个非常漂亮的连分数表达式：</p>
<p><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_0c23b1e0c4696b81e9fc312922eec773.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="\frac{4}{\pi} = 1 + \frac{1^2}{3 + \frac{2^2}{5 + \frac{3^2}{7 + \frac{4^2}{9 + \frac{5^2}{11 + \frac{6^2}{13 + ...}}}}}} " /></span></p>
<p><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_794eb5e9482e8eea4d80e6b5d28e86ca.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="\frac{4}{\pi}=1+\frac{1^2}{2+\frac{3^2}{2+\frac{5^2}{2+\frac{7^2}{2+\frac{9^2}{2+\cdots}}}}}" /></span></p>
<p>关于Pi，不得不提欧拉公式：一个简单和谐的公式一下子把数学中5个最基本最重要的数联系了起来（0，1，Pi,e,i）:</p>
<p><span class='MathJax_Preview'><img src='http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/plugins/latex/cache/tex_3637c7f3d867fc8068bd1b74a4b0b6a6.gif' style=' ' class='tex' alt="e^{\pi i}+1=0" /></span></p>
<p>关于pi 还有各种各样其妙的公式，其中不乏稀奇古怪的公式（例如神奇的拉马努金发现的一堆公式），说也说不尽。最后发张图，一个比较有名的麦田怪圈，他的含义就是Pi。</p>
<p><a href="http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/uploads/xin_042060518082996810384.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1303" title="xin_042060518082996810384" src="http://www.eaglefantasy.com/wp-content/uploads/xin_042060518082996810384.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="341" /></a></p>
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		<title>一个关于级数的疑问</title>
		<link>http://www.eaglefantasy.com/archives/86</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Dec 2007 14:59:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Eagle Fantasy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Interesting Maths]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[疑问]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[级数]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[微积分]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[悖论]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[无穷]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[求和]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[大家应该很熟悉ln2的级数展开吧： ln2=1-1/2+1/3-1/4+1/5-1/6+1/7-1/8+……① 把①两边每一项乘以1/2得到： 1/2*ln2= 1/2 -1/4 +1/6 -1/8+……② 上面②的数字间距比较大仅仅是为了与①的相关数字对齐。把①②相加，按照纵列结合各项，于是我们得到 3/2*ln2=1+1/3-1/2+1/5+1/7-1/4+1/9+1/11-1/6+……③ 我们惊奇地发现，③的右边仅仅通过顺序的变换就可以得到①的右边，但左边却确确实实的不相等！难道无穷级数不支持交换顺序的运算？ 有的人马上举出1-1+1-1+1-1+……这个著名发散级数跟我说无穷级数肯定不能交换顺序，可是一定要明确①和③两边是收敛的阿！收敛就决定了这不是个太小儿科的问题。 到底是从①变到③的某个过程不被允许，还是连收敛级数也真的不能交换顺序？我期待有谁能给我个令我信服的答案。 update:最近看了一些书和文章似乎对此问题有些明白了，感谢网友们的帮助！<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="100%" style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>大家应该很熟悉ln2的级数展开吧：<br />
ln2=1-1/2+1/3-1/4+1/5-1/6+1/7-1/8+……①<br />
把①两边每一项乘以1/2得到：<br />
1/2*ln2= 1/2 -1/4 +1/6 -1/8+……②<br />
上面②的数字间距比较大仅仅是为了与①的相关数字对齐。把①②相加，按照纵列结合各项，于是我们得到<br />
3/2*ln2=1+1/3-1/2+1/5+1/7-1/4+1/9+1/11-1/6+……③<br />
我们惊奇地发现，③的右边仅仅通过顺序的变换就可以得到①的右边，但左边却确确实实的不相等！难道无穷级数不支持交换顺序的运算？<br />
有的人马上举出1-1+1-1+1-1+……这个著名发散级数跟我说无穷级数肯定不能交换顺序，可是一定要明确①和③两边是<span style="color: #ff0000;">收敛</span>的阿！收敛就决定了这不是个太小儿科的问题。<br />
到底是从①变到③的某个过程不被允许，还是连收敛级数也真的不能交换顺序？我期待有谁能给我个令我信服的答案。</p>
<p>update:最近看了一些书和文章似乎对此问题有些明白了，感谢网友们的帮助！</p>
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		<title>一个有趣的级数</title>
		<link>http://www.eaglefantasy.com/archives/78</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Aug 2007 21:35:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Eagle Fantasy</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Interesting Maths]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[级数]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[证明]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mathematica]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[微积分]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[无穷]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[极限]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[求和]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[估计有不少人知道这样一个公式，1-1/3+1/5-1/7+1/9-…=π/4 我很小的时候就见过这个，貌似叫莱布尼茨公式，觉得相当有意思，一些自然数的加减乘除居然出现了π！之后我对这个公式思考了好长时间，总是想不出来怎么来证明。我一直把这个问题记在心里，期盼着那一天能找到他的证法。 我曾经专门找过微积分的书和有关级数的数，遗憾的是，这么经典的一个无穷级数求和居然都没有写到。我近日在数学吧问了一下，好象没有初等数学的证明，有人贴出来了一个不过我没看明白。 有意思的是，今天在读《费曼物理学讲义》有关谐波的章节时，居然看到了这个等式的证法！呵呵，我都惊喜得不行了，居然在经典物理书里面看到了有意思的数学证明！我想把这个证法贴出来，供大家欣赏，相当精彩啊，不过没学过微积分的就不用看了。<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="100%" style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>估计有不少人知道这样一个公式，1-1/3+1/5-1/7+1/9-…=π/4</p>
<p>我很小的时候就见过这个，貌似叫莱布尼茨公式，觉得相当有意思，一些自然数的加减乘除居然出现了π！之后我对这个公式思考了好长时间，总是想不出来怎么来证明。我一直把这个问题记在心里，期盼着那一天能找到他的证法。</p>
<p>我曾经专门找过微积分的书和有关级数的数，遗憾的是，这么经典的一个无穷级数求和居然都没有写到。我近日在数学吧问了一下，好象没有初等数学的证明，有人贴出来了一个不过我没看明白。<br />
有意思的是，今天在读《费曼物理学讲义》有关谐波的章节时，居然看到了这个等式的证法！呵呵，我都惊喜得不行了，居然在经典物理书里面看到了有意思的数学证明！我想把这个证法贴出来，供大家欣赏，相当精彩啊，不过没学过微积分的就不用看了。<span id="more-78"></span><br />
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